Skip to main content

We use necessary cookies that allow our site to work. We also set optional cookies that help us improve our website. For more information about the types of cookies we use, visit our Cookies policy.

Cookie settings
Middle aged male texter.png

Every year, World Suicide Prevention Day encourages us to reflect on how we understand, discuss and respond to suicide. In this article, MHI's Senior Research Psychologist Stella Rendall draws on insights from thematic-analysis of conversations from people experiencing suicidal thoughts to explore how feelings of entrapment shape suicidal crises. The findings highlight why understanding this experience and responding with empathy is central to supporting those who are struggling with these thoughts.

What our data says about suicide

Suicide remains one of the most common reasons people reach out to Shout for support, accounting for approximately 37% of all conversations. Since the service launched in 2018, our volunteers have had an estimated 1.4 million conversations with around 440,000 texters experiencing suicidal thoughts.

Recent thematic-analysis of 100 of these conversations from December 2024 to November 2025 showed that many texters experiencing suicidal thoughts describe feeling trapped. This experience was also associated with an increased suicide risk, with more than half (58%) of conversations involving both suicidal thoughts and feelings of entrapment including mention of a specific suicide plan.

External entrapment

Many texters described feeling trapped by external circumstances beyond their control. For some, this stemmed from difficult family relationships, financial hardship, unsafe living environments, academic pressures, or demanding workplaces. Others felt unable to leave unhealthy relationships or were constrained by caring responsibilities or physical illness. Despite the different circumstances, a common thread emerged: many felt they had lost control over their lives, saw few meaningful choices, and struggled to envisage a way forward. In these moments, suicide was often perceived as the only escape from overwhelming circumstances.

Internal entrapment

Others described feeling trapped within their own minds. They spoke of persistent cycles of overthinking, anxiety, self-criticism, unresolved trauma, intrusive thoughts, hopelessness, and emotional exhaustion. Many felt disconnected from themselves or overwhelmed by expectations they believed they could never meet. For these texters, suicide was often described as a way to make overwhelming thoughts and feelings stop.

When both are present

For many texters, however, the experience of feeling trapped was shaped by both external circumstances and internal distress. Difficult life situations were compounded by harsh self-judgement, with individuals blaming themselves for not coping better, believing they were weak, letting others down, or somehow responsible for their suffering. Many described feeling caught between impossible choices such as wanting to support loved ones while desperately needing support themselves, recognising they needed help but fearing they would become a burden, or wanting to leave harmful situations while fearing the consequences of doing so. These intersecting pressures left many feeling stuck, with no clear or safe path forward, making suicide seem like the only way to escape an unbearable conflict.

Loneliness and isolation

Across conversations, loneliness often intensified texters’ distress, reinforcing feelings of entrapment when they felt they had no one they could trust to confide in or turn to for support. Some questioned whether anyone could truly relate to what they were going through, while others withdrew because they feared their struggles would place an emotional burden on family and friends. This perceived lack of connection and support often deepened their sense of isolation, making it even harder to see alternatives to their distress.

These findings highlight how profoundly feelings of entrapment, often compounded by loneliness and isolation, can shape suicidal crises. When individuals can no longer see a way forward, feel disconnected from meaningful sources of support, or believe that change is out of reach, suicide may begin to feel like the only escape.

Why conversations matter

Our findings show that suicidal crises are often shaped not only by the challenges people face, but also by how trapped and alone they feel in facing them. When someone feels trapped, their world can become progressively smaller, their options fewer, and hope increasingly difficult to hold on to. A compassionate conversation cannot immediately resolve financial difficulties, relationship problems or mental health challenges but it can disrupt the isolation that often sustains hopelessness. Feeling listened to without judgement can reduce feelings of shame, restore a sense of connection, and remind someone that they do not have to carry their distress alone. For a person who feels that there is no way forward, simply knowing that someone is willing to listen can begin to widen the possibilities they are able to see.

“Thank you for validating me and prompting me with questions to help me think about how I could make myself feel better when I was trapped in my angry feelings”

shout texter

A focus on listening, to combat loneliness

This is the approach our volunteers, clinical practitioners and supervisors take when supporting texters on the Shout service each day. Rather than trying to solve every problem, they focus on helping texters feel heard, understood, validated and supported while exploring sources of strength, coping strategies and manageable next steps. In moments of overwhelming distress, this compassionate human connection can help reduce feelings of isolation, restore a sense of hope, and remind someone that they do not have to face their struggles alone.

Texter feedback suggests that this approach can make a meaningful difference for people experiencing suicidal thoughts and feelings of entrapment. Many describe feeling less alone, more understood and better able to cope after having someone listen with empathy and without judgement, highlighting the value of compassionate conversations in helping people feel seen, validated and supported during difficult moments.

“I just want to thank you for your time this evening. I felt like I had no other options, trapped with nowhere to go. Tonight you reassured me I was doing what I could and gave some next steps if needed which I didn't know about. I started texting in floods of tears. I'm still teary and angsty about the evening ahead but much calmer with more feelings of control”

Shout texter

When someone is feeling trapped and struggling with suicidal thoughts, there are already enough barriers to accessing support, from the stigma around it, to many services being closed overnight or unavailable in other ways. Through the 24/7 Shout text support service, we aim to make support as accessible as possible for anyone in the UK who is experiencing crisis. It’s discreet, confidential and only requires a UK network connection to access support at any moment.

If you, or anyone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, text 'Shout' to 85258 to speak to a trained volunteer. If your life is at imminent risk, please call 999 immediately.

“Thank you for talking me down. Feeling completely alone and trapped with my thoughts so it's so helpful to have a hand reaching for me in the darkness”

Shout texter